Choose a refresh rate that divides evenly into the frame rate of your content. For example, if the content you’re viewing is 24 frames per second, select the 48 Hertz refresh rate. Choose Apple menu System Preferences, then click Displays. Press and hold the Option key and select the Scaled button.
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The refresh rate menu appears. Click the Refresh Rate pop-up menu and choose a refresh rate.When you're done viewing or editing the video content, you might want to change your refresh rate back to the default of 60 Hertz to ensure smooth performance in macOS, such as when you minimize a window.
Buy 5.1MP USB 2.0 CCD Color Digital Microscope Camera + 2K Video Capture 35fps + Measurement for Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10, Mac OSX, Linux 2.6 and Above at Boli Optics Microscope Store. Native C/C, C#, DirectShow, Twain Control API. Transmission Frame Rate, 4fps@2592x1944, 35fps@300x200. Helicopter Synced With Frame Rate VideoHelicopter Synced With Frame Rate VideoRight click the Windows desktop and click AMD Catalyst.
Scientific Camera Selection GuideCompactScientificScientificCCDVGA Resolution CCD(200 Frames Per Second)Features. Up to 200.7 Frames per Second (fps) for the Full Sensor (See Specs Tab for Details). 1/3' Format, 640 x 480 Pixel (VGA) Monochrome CCD Sensor with 7.4 µm Square Pixels (On Semi / Truesense KAI-0340). Software-Selectable 20 MHz or 40 MHz Readout: Maximize Frame Rate(40 MHz) or Minimize Noise (20 MHz). 55% Peak Quantum Efficiency at 500 nm for Standard Version (See Specs Tab for Details). 10% Peak Quantum Efficiency at 485 nm for UV Version (See Specs Tab for Details).
Example Frame Rates at 1 ms Exposure TimeCCD Size and Binning aSingle TapDual Tap20 MHz40 MHz20 MHz40 MHzFull Sensor (640 x 480)57.0 fps112.3 fps103.3 fps200.7 fpsFull Sensor, Bin by 2 (320 x 240)110.1 fps213.5 fps196.8 fps372.4 fpsFull Sensor, Bin by 10 (64 x 48)429.0 fps764.7 fps712.9 fps1185.4 fps. Camera Frame Rate is impacted by the Vertical Hardware Binning parameter. For color cameras, when the Image Type setting in ThorCam is anything other than 'Unprocessed' only 1 x 1 binning is available.
When set to Unprocessed, the camera can bin up to 24 x 24, but the image produced will be monochrome. Multispectral Imaging VideoThe video to the right is an example of a multispectral image acquisition using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) in front of a monochrome camera. With a sample slide exposed to broadband light, the LCTF passes narrow bands of light that are transmitted from the sample. The monochromatic images are captured using a monochrome scientific camera, resulting in a datacube – a stack of spectrally separated two-dimensional images which can be used for quantitative analysis, such as finding ratios or thresholds and spectral unmixing.In the example shown, a mature capsella bursa-pastoris embryo, also known as Shepherd's-Purse, is rapidly scanned across the 420 nm - 730 nm wavelength range using Thorlabs'. The images are captured using our, which is connected, with the liquid crystal filter, to a. The overall system magnification is 10X. The final stacked/recovered image is shown below.
Final Stacked/Recovered ImageThrombosis StudiesThrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within a blood vessel that will impede the flow of blood in the circulatory system. The videos below are from experimental studies on the large-vessel thrombosis in Mice performed by Dr. Brian Cooley at the Medical College of Wisconsin. Three lasers (532 nm, 594 nm, and 650 nm) were expanded and then focused on a microsurgical field of an exposed surgical site in an anesthenized mouse.
A custom with integrated filter wheel were attached to a Leica Microscope to capture the low-light fluorescence emitted from the surgical site. See the videos below with their associated descriptions for further infromation. Atherogenetic VideoIn the video above, a gentle 30-second electrolytic injury is generated on the surface of a carotid artery in an atherogenic mouse (ApoE-null on a high-fat, “Western” diet), using a 100-micron-diameter iron wire (creating a free-radical injury). The site (arrowhead) and the vessel are imaged by time-lapse fluorescence-capture, low-light camera over 60 minutes (timer is shown in upper left corner – hours:minutes:seconds). Platelets were labeled with a green fluorophore (rhodamine 6G) and anti-fibrin antibodies with a red fluorophore (Alexa-647) and injected prior to electrolytic injury to identify the development of platelets and fibrin in the developing thrombus. Flow is from left to right; the artery is approximately 500 microns in diameter (bar at lower right, 350 microns). Thrombosis VideoIn the video above, a gentle 30-second electrolytic injury is generated on the surface of a murine femoral vein, using a 100-micron-diameter iron wire (creating a free-radical injury).
The site (arrowhead) and the vessel are imaged by time-lapse fluorescence-capture, low-light camera over 60 minutes (timer is shown in upper left corner – hours:minutes:seconds). Platelets were labeled with a green fluorophore (rhodamine 6G) and anti-fibrin antibodies with a red fluorophore (Alexa-647) and injected prior to electrolytic injury to identify the development of platelets and fibrin in the developing thrombus. Flow is from left to right; the vein is approximately 500 microns in diameter (bar at lower right, 350 microns).Reference: Cooley BC.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 31, 1351-1356, 2011. All animal studies were done under protocols approved by the Medical College of Wisconsin Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Female 12-Pin Hirose Connector (Auxiliary Port on Camera)Auxiliary ConnectorThe cameras and the break-out boards both feature female connectors; the 8 megapixel cameras have a 12 pin Hirose connector, while the break out boards have a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector. The 8050-CAB1 cable features male connectors on both ends: a 12-pin connector for connecting to the camera and a 6-pin Mini-DIN connector for the break-out boards. Pins 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 are each connected to the center pin of an SMA connector on the break-out boards, while pin 4 (ground) is connected to each SMA connector housing.
To access one of the I/O functions not available with the 8050-CAB1, the user must fabricate a cable using shielded cabling in order for the camera to adhere to CE and FCC compliance; additional details are provided in the camera manual. Camera AUX Pin #TSI-IOBOB and TSI-IOBOB2Pin #SignalDescription1-ReservedReserved for future use2-ReservedReserved for future use3-ReservedReserved for future use46STROBEOUT(Output)A TTL output that is high during the actual sensor exposure time when in continuous, overlapped exposure mode. It is typically used to synchronize an external flash lamp or other device with the camera.53TRIGGERIN(Input)A TTL input used to trigger exposures on the transition from the high to low state.61LVAL(Output)Refers to 'Line Valid.' It is an active-high TTL signal and is asserted during the valid period on each line.
It returns low during the inter-line period between each line and during the inter-frame period between each frame.72TRIGGEROUT(Output)A 6 µs positive pulse asserted when using the various external trigger input options; TRIGGERIN or LVDSTRIGGERIN. The signal is brought out of the camera as TRIGGEROUT at the High-to-Low transition to allow triggering of other devices.8-LVDSTRIGGERINN(Input, Differential Pair with Pin 9)A LVDS (low-voltage differential signal) input used to trigger exposures on the transition from the high state to low state. The suffix 'N' identifies this as the negative input of the LVDS signal.9-LVDSTRIGGERINP(Input, Differential Pair with Pin 9)A LVDS (low-voltage differential signal) input used to trigger exposures on the transition from the high state to low state. The suffix 'P' identifies this as the positive input of the LVDS signal.104GNDThe electrical ground for the camera signals11-ReservedReserved for future use125FVALOUT(Output)Refers to 'Frame Valid.'
It is a TTL output that is high during active readout lines and returns low between frames. ThorCam™ThorCam is a powerful image acquisition software package that is designed for use with our cameras on 32- and 64-bit Windows ® 7 or 10 systems. This intuitive, easy-to-use graphical interface provides camera control as well as the ability to acquire and play back images. Single image capture and image sequences are supported.
Please refer to the screenshots below for an overview of the software's basic functionality.Application programming interfaces (APIs) and a software development kit (SDK) are included for the development of custom applications by OEMs and developers. The SDK provides easy integration with a wide variety of programming languages, such as C, C, C#, Python, and Visual Basic.NET. Support for third-party software packages, such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, and µManager is available.
We also offer example Arduino code for integration with our TSI-IOBOB2 Interconnect Break-Out Board. Camera Control and Image AcquisitionCamera Control and Image Acquisition functions are carried out through the icons along the top of the window, highlighted in orange in the image above. Camera parameters may be set in the popup window that appears upon clicking on the Tools icon. The Snapshot button allows a single image to be acquired using the current camera settings.The Start and Stop capture buttons begin image capture according to the camera settings, including triggered imaging. Timed Series and Review of Image SeriesThe Timed Series control, shown in Figure 1, allows time-lapse images to be recorded. Simply set the total number of images and the time delay in between captures.
The output will be saved in a multi-page TIFF file in order to preserve the high-precision, unaltered image data. Controls within ThorCam allow the user to play the sequence of images or step through them frame by frame.
Measurement and AnnotationAs shown in the yellow highlighted regions in the image above, ThorCam has a number of built-in annotation and measurement functions to help analyze images after they have been acquired. Lines, rectangles, circles, and freehand shapes can be drawn on the image. Text can be entered to annotate marked locations. A measurement mode allows the user to determine the distance between points of interest.The features in the red, green, and blue highlighted regions of the image above can be used to display information about both live and captured images.ThorCam also features a tally counter that allows the user to mark points of interest in the image and tally the number of points marked (see Figure 2). A crosshair target that is locked to the center of the image can be enabled to provide a point of reference.
Third-Party Applications and SupportThorCam is bundled with support for third-party software packages such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, and.NET. Both 32- and 64-bit versions of LabVIEW and MATLAB are supported. A full-featured and well-documented API, included with our cameras, makes it convenient to develop fully customized applications in an efficient manner, while also providing the ability to migrate through our product line without having to rewrite an application. Figure 2: A screenshot of the ThorCam software showing some of the analysis and annotation features. The Tally function was used to mark four locations in the image. A blue crosshair target is enabled and locked to the center of the image to provide a point of reference.Performance ConsiderationsPlease note that system performance limitations can lead to 'dropped frames' when image sequences are saved to the disk. The ability of the host system to keep up with the camera's output data stream is dependent on multiple aspects of the host system.
Note that the use of a USB hub may impact performance. A dedicated connection to the PC is preferred. USB 2.0 connections are not supported.First, it is important to distinguish between the frame rate of the camera and the ability of the host computer to keep up with the task of displaying images or streaming to the disk without dropping frames. The frame rate of the camera is a function of exposure and readout (e.g.
Clock, ROI) parameters. Based on the acquisition parameters chosen by the user, the camera timing emulates a digital counter that will generate a certain number of frames per second.
When displaying images, this data is handled by the graphics system of the computer; when saving images and movies, this data is streamed to disk. If the hard drive is not fast enough, this will result in dropped frames.One solution to this problem is to ensure that a solid state drive (SSD) is used. This usually resolves the issue if the other specifications of the PC are sufficient.
Note that the write speed of the SSD must be sufficient to handle the data throughput.Larger format images at higher frame rates sometimes require additional speed. In these cases users can consider implementing a RAID0 configuration using multiple SSDs or setting up a RAM drive. While the latter option limits the storage space to the RAM on the PC, this is the fastest option available. Is one example of a free RAM disk software package. It is important to note that RAM drives use volatile memory.
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Hence it is critical to ensure that the data is moved from the RAM drive to a physical hard drive before restarting or shutting down the computer to avoid data loss. Figure 4: The ThorCam Camera Settings window. The red and blue highlighted regions indicate the trigger settings as described in the text.External triggering enables these cameras to be easily integrated into systems that require the camera to be synchronized to external events. The Strobe Output goes high to indicate exposure; the strobe signal may be used in designing a system to synchronize external devices to the camera exposure. External triggering requires a connection to the auxiliary port of the camera. We offer the 8050-CAB1 auxiliary cable as an optional accessory. Two options are provided to 'break out' individual signals.
The TSI-IOBOB provides SMA connectors for each individual signal. Alternately, the TSI-IOBOB2 also provides the SMA connectors with the added functionality of a shield for Arduino boards that allows control of other peripheral equipment. More details on these three optional accessories are provided below.Trigger settings are adjusted using the ThorCam software. Figure 4 shows the Camera Settings window, with the trigger settings highlighted with red and blue squares.
Figure 5: A schematic showing a system using the TSI-IOBOB2 to facilitate system integration and control.As an example of how camera triggering can be integrated into system control is shown in Figure 5. In the schematic, the camera is connected to the TSI-IOBOB2 break-out board / shield for Arduino using a 8050-CAB1 cable.
The pins on the shield can be used to deliver signals to simultaneously control other peripheral devices, such as light sources, shutters, or motion control devices. Once the control program is written to the Arduino board, the USB connection to the host PC can be removed, allowing for a stand-alone system control platform; alternately, the USB connection can be left in place to allow for two-way communication between the Arduino and the PC. Configuring the external trigger mode is done using ThorCam as described above. About Thorlabs Scientific ImagingThorlabs Scientific Imaging (TSI) is a multi-disciplinary team dedicated to solving the most challenging imaging problems. We design and manufacture low-noise, high performance scientific cameras, interface devices, and software at our facility in Austin, Texas. In addition, we are leveraging the engineering experience across Thorlabs, a vertically integrated photonics products manufacturer, to bring to market a line of integrated imaging systems, including our forthcoming, patent-pending system for whole-slide scanning. A Message from TSI's General ManagerAs a researcher, you are accustomed to solving difficult problems but may be frustrated by the inadequacy of the available instrumentation and tools.
The product development team at Thorlabs Scientific Imaging is continually looking for new challenges to push the boundaries of Scientific Cameras using various sensor technologies. We welcome your input in order to leverage our team of senior research and development engineers to help meet your advanced imaging needs.Thorlabs' purpose is to support advances in research through our product offerings. Your input will help us steer the direction of our scientific camera product line to support these advances. If you have a challenging application that requires a more advanced scientific camera than is currently available, I would be excited to hear from you. These optional accessories allow for easy use of the auxiliary port of our scientific CCD, CMOS, and Quantalux™ sCMOS cameras.
These items should be considered when it is necessary to externally trigger the camera, to monitor camera performance with an oscilloscope, or for simultaneous control of the camera with other instruments.For our USB 3.0 cameras, we also offer a PCIe USB 3.0 card and extra cables for facilitating the connection to the computer.Auxiliary I/O Cable (8050-CAB1)The 8050-CAB1 is a 10' (3 m) long cable that mates with the auxiliary connector on our scientific cameras. and provides the ability to externally trigger the camera as well as monitor status output signals. One end of the cable features a male 12-pin connector for connecting to the camera, while the other end has a male 6-pin Mini Din connector for connecting to external devices. This cable is ideal for use with our interconnect break-out boards described below. For information on the pin layout, please see the Pin Diagrams tab above.Interconnect Break-Out Board (TSI-IOBOB)The TSI-IOBOB is designed to 'break out' the 6-pin Mini Din connector found on our scientific camera auxiliary cables into five SMA connectors. The SMA connectors can then be connected using to other devices to provide a trigger input to the camera or to monitor camera performance. The pin configurations are listed on the Pin Diagrams tab above.Interconnect Break-Out Board / Shield for Arduino (TSI-IOBOB2)The TSI-IOBOB2 offers the same breakout functionality of the camera signals as the TSI-IOBOB.
Additionally, it functions as a shield for Arduino, by placing the TSI-IOBOB2 shield on an Arduino board supporting the Arduino Uno Rev. 3 form factor. While the camera inputs and outputs are 5 V TTL, the TSI-IOBOB2 features bi-directional logic level converters to enable compatibility with Arduino boards operating on either 5 V or 3.3 V logic. Sample programs for controlling the scientific camera are available for download from our, and are also described in the manual (found by clicking on the red Docs icon below).
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For more information on Arduino, or for information on purchasing an Arduino board, please see.The image to the right shows a schematic of a configuration with the TSI-IOBOB2 with an Arduino board integrated into a camera imaging system. The camera is connected to the break-out board using a 8050-CAB1 cable that must be purchased separately. The pins on the shield can be used to deliver signals to simultaneously control other peripheral devices, such as light sources, shutters, or motion control devices. Once the control program is written to the Arduino board, the USB connection to the host PC can be removed, allowing for a stand-alone system control platform; alternately, the USB connection can be left in place to allow for two-way communication between the Arduino and the PC. The compact size of 2.70' x 2.10' (68.6 mm x 53.3 mm) also aids in keeping systems based on the TSI-IOBOB2 compact.USB 3.0 Camera Accessories (USB3-MBA-118 and USB3-PCIE)We also offer a USB 3.0 A to Micro B cable for connecting our cameras to a PC (please note that one cable is included with each USB 3.0 camera).
The cable measures 118' long and features screws on either side of the Micro B connector that mate with tapped holes on the camera for securing the USB cable to the camera housing.A USB 3.0 PCIe card is also provided for computers that do not offer USB 3.0 connectors with an integrated Intel USB 3.0 controller. However, since most newer computers offer several USB 3.0 connections, a USB 3.0 PCIe card is not included with the purchase of a USB 3.0 camera. The card has two type A USB 3.0 ports.The 8050-CAB1 is not compatible with our former-generation 1500M series cameras.
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